Patna
1- 1. Patna
1234- 1. Uttar Pradesh
- 2. Jharkhand
- 3. West Bengal
- 4. Patna
12- 1. Patna
- 2. Bodh Gaya
123- 1. Ganga
- 2. Kosi
- 3. Patna
123- 1. Valmiki NP
- 2. Vikramshila Dolphin Sanctuary
- 3. Patna
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Important lakes of India
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'Urban flooding in India is less a consequence of excessive rainfall than a manifestation of inappropriate land-use planning and fragmented urban governance.' Examine. Suggest measures for making cities such as Patna climate resilient.
Suggested framework: extreme rainfall + impermeabilisation; wetland loss + encroachment + poor drainage + institutional fragmentation; UFRMP Phase II and Patna's Rs 222.22-crore project; AMRUT 2.0 water-body rejuvenation and GIS master planning. Conclude that Indian cities cannot drain their way out of every extreme rainfall event; resilience requires restoring the city's capacity to absorb water through integrated land-use planning, blue-green infrastructure, technology and empowered urban institutions.
Syllabus & Relevance
Paper: GS-3
Theme: Environment
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Answer Framework
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