Defence & Security
India and Japan elevate defence ties with new logistics pact amid regional security concerns
What happened
India and Japan signed a Reciprocal Provision of Supplies and Services Agreement (RPSSA) on August 9, 2026, enabling mutual logistical support during joint military exercises and humanitarian operations. The pact, finalised during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Tokyo, underscores deepening defence cooperation amid rising tensions in the Indo-Pacific region.
Key facts
The RPSSA was signed in Tokyo on August 9, 2026, during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s official visit.
The agreement covers logistical support for joint military exercises, disaster relief, and maritime security operations.
Japan’s Self-Defence Forces (SDF) and India’s Armed Forces will benefit from streamlined supply chains and fuel-sharing.
The pact aligns with Japan’s National Security Strategy, which prioritises defence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific.
Modi’s visit included discussions on technology transfer, defence manufacturing, and maritime security.
Context
- India-Japan defence ties have expanded since the 2018 Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA), which allowed logistical exchanges.
- Tokyo has been a key partner in Indo-Pacific security initiatives, including the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) with the US and Australia.
- The RPSSA replaces the earlier ACSA, reflecting updated strategic priorities.
Why it matters
- Strengthens India’s strategic partnerships in the Indo-Pacific, countering regional security challenges.
- Enhances operational readiness for the Indian Armed Forces through joint exercises and logistical interoperability.
- Signals Japan’s growing role as a defence partner, aligning with India’s broader foreign policy goals.