Why in News
Green hydrogen is relevant to fertilisers, refining, steel, shipping fuels and selected storage uses where direct electrification is difficult. The issue is where renewable electricity delivers the greatest emissions reduction.
Static Foundation
Hydrogen is an energy carrier. Green hydrogen is commonly produced by renewable-powered electrolysis. Hydrogen-based DRI can reduce coking-coal dependence in steel. Storage and transport add cost because hydrogen has low volumetric energy density; ammonia can act as a derivative carrier.
Prelims Focus
Electrolysis has no direct CO2 emission, but life-cycle impact depends on electricity source, water, leakage and additional renewable supply. Hydrogen is not optimal for every energy service.
Mains Perspective
Prioritise existing industrial hydrogen demand, credible certification, renewable-rich clusters and water-sensitive siting. Balance exports with domestic decarbonisation.
Practice
MCQ: Hydrogen is NOT a primary source like sunlight; renewable electrolysis can produce green hydrogen; ammonia can aid transport. Correct: 2 and 3.
Mains: Analyse green hydrogen for hard-to-abate sectors.