Why in News
Emerging infections and AMR show that human health cannot be separated from animal health, food systems and the environment. One Health promotes joint surveillance and prevention.
Static Foundation
One Health links human, animal, plant and ecosystem health. Zoonoses pass between vertebrate animals and humans. AMR can be selected by inappropriate antimicrobial use in people, animals and agriculture; resistant organisms can move through wastewater, soil, food chains and healthcare environments.
Prelims Focus
Not every infectious disease is zoonotic; AMR is not only a hospital problem; antibiotics do not treat viral infections. One Health is a governance framework, not one scheme.
Mains Perspective
India needs interoperable surveillance, veterinary and environmental laboratories, wastewater monitoring, stewardship and rapid district-level data sharing.
Practice
MCQ: All human infections are NOT zoonotic; environmental pathways can spread AMR; One Health coordinates human-animal surveillance. Correct: 2 and 3.
Mains: Explain One Health relevance to zoonoses and AMR.